![]() Shimano 12-speed road groupsets use the same Hyperglide+ chain as its 12-speed MTB groupsets. While you can mix some 11-speed Shimano and SRAM components, it often makes for a noisier drivetrain. In the past, chains of the same speed could typically be mixed between manufacturers, although this is generally not the case as you head up to modern 11-, 12- and 13-speed chains, where the designs are often more specific to the brand.įor example, SRAM Eagle 12-speed chains can’t be used with 12-speed road rear derailleurs and vice versa. SRAM’s 12-speed MTB chains are compatible with the brand’s 12-speed road groupsets. You’ll see that there’s a significant variation in width. The width of chains for different numbers of gears, according to Park Tool is: Therefore, you can’t run a 12-speed chain with an 11-speed sprocket set, for example, and it means that if you’ve got an 11-speed drivetrain you’ll need an 11-speed chain. Chains have become narrower to match, which limits their compatibility between drivetrains with different numbers of gears. Second, cassette sprockets have got closer together and narrower. ![]() That’s gone about as far as it can, which is why Boost spacing has taken off in mountain bikes to even out rear-wheel geometry. To accommodate the extra freehub width with the same distance between the rear dropouts, that’s meant that the rear wheel has been ever-more asymmetrically dished. As component brands have increased the number of speeds in their drivetrains, they’ve added the extra gears needed in two ways: first, the freehub that holds the cassette in place on the rear wheel has been made wider. Things get more complicated with the width side-to-side of bike chains. Chain width and ‘speeds’Īs the number of ‘speeds’ has increased, bike chains have become narrower, as shown by this 12-speed SRAM road chain. What changes is the width of the side plates. It’s worth noting that the roller widths of derailleur chains for different numbers of speeds are almost the same: 2.38mm for 5- to 8-speed chains and 2.18mm for 9-speed and above. It’s not something that can be done with a drivetrain with multiple chainrings, because the position in which the chain will land when shifted between chainrings can’t be determined, so the teeth in double and triple chainrings all have the same width, designed to mesh with the narrower inner-chain link. That’s used in single-ring drivetrains to ensure a robust connection between the chain and the teeth on the chainring, by having alternating wide and narrow chainring teeth. The inner link of a bike chain is narrower than the outer link, with a narrower space between the links. The standard distance between links, or pitch, of a bicycle chain is ½in (12.7mm), although there are occasional experiments with metric pitch (10mm) chains and Team GB was rumoured to be using ⅜in pitch chains on its track bikes at the Tokyo Olympics. The distance between links is known as ‘pitch’.
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![]() Contemporary technologies, including intraoperative CT and new 3D fluoroscopy, offer improved image quality but significantly increase radiation exposure ( 12, 13). Use of a non-invasive, rectangular skin-adhesive stereotactic tracker (SpineMask, Stryker Navigation, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) maintains high accuracy for percutaneous screw placement without requiring bone-anchored tracking or the morbidity of K wires ( 10, 11). Combined with bone anchoring, Renaissance provides pedicle cannulation for K wires and yields high accuracy for screw placement with reduced exposure to radiation ( 8, 9). Renaissance (Mazor Robotics, Caesarea, Israel) was the first widely used spinal robotic platform. This approach also minimises radiation exposure by the surgical team and patient ( 6, 7). Three-dimensional spinal navigation with intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy and bone-anchored (spinous process or iliac crest) tracking provides comparable accuracy without requiring lead protection ( 5). However, these approaches require surgical teams to wear lead protection. The evolution of minimally invasive spine (MIS) approaches introduced 2D fluoroscopy using K wires and EMG neuromonitoring to insert percutaneous pedicle screws and have higher accuracy rates of 90.2–97.5% ( 2, 4). Accuracy of screw placement improves to 86.6–94.9% with 2D fluoroscopy ( 2, 3). Traditional open spine surgery using anatomical landmarks results in rates of free-hand pedicle screw misplacement as high as 40% according to post-operative CT imaging ( 1). Surgeons and hospital administrators do not have sufficient information to compare imaging, navigation, and robotics technologies when making purchasing decisions. Contemporary assistive technology options demonstrate a high rate of accuracy for pedicle screw placement. The range of imaging, navigation, and robotics technologies available for spinal fusion surgery has significantly increased. Keywords: 3D fluoroscopy imaging navigation robotics spinal fusion (VII) New robotic arm platforms require more clinical and health economic data to justify increased costs. (VI) Radiation safety awareness that new 3D-fluoroscopy units can deliver radiation comparable to that of CT is needed. (V) Intraoperative CT is more useful for imaging long constructs, high BMI, or cervicothoracic anatomy. (IV) 3D fluoroscopy provides the greatest benefit when speed, operative efficiency, and mobility are required. (III) Navigation systems that offer a universal registration mechanism should be standard. (II) Imaging systems that have maximum compatibility with navigation and robotics platforms are optimal. (I) Open-platform navigation and robotics systems that provide surgeons with access to all software and hardware features regardless of implant choice are preferred. Key recommendations include the following. Guidelines for optimal use and combinations are provided based on surgical approach, operative site, patient anatomy, optimal image quality, and workflow efficiency. We summarize currently available navigation, robotics, and imaging technologies for spinal surgery, highlighting key characteristics, utility, differences, price, and compatibility with other technologies and spinal implants. However, surgeons and hospital administrators may lack sufficient information to compare options and make purchasing decisions. ![]()
It also comes in several finishes so can really be purchased to match your kitchen and décor.Is there anything more satisfying than perfectly crispy, extra-tender fried chicken? Whether you're ordering it from your favorite take-out place or making some classic buttermilk fried chicken at home, fried chicken is always a treat. You could also fit a standard 5-quart Dutch oven in this machine, if you wanted to. The oven will also fit standard 9x13 casserole dishes and a quarter sheet pan which gives it versatility to cook many things. ![]() Like the original Breville Smart Oven Air Fryer, it comes with a 13-inch nonstick pizza tray, wire rack, broiling rack, 9 x 13 enamel roasting pan, air fry basket and crumb tray and has additional accessories for purchase: bamboo cutting board, pizza stone and pizza crisper pan. It has a spring-loaded door, which takes a minute to get used to, but then is a nice feature. This did every task perfectly and in a short amount of time. This model does a preheat cycle for most settings which is an additional step and takes a few extra minutes, but it adds a level of precision in the cooking not seen in many of the other machines. The rack levels are printed right on the door for ease of use. The digital interface makes it an intuitive machine with 13 preset functions including air fry, slow cook, roast, broil, bake, cookies, pizza, toast, bagel, reheat, proof, dehydrate and warm. While the original Breville Smart Oven Air Fryer is a more mid-sized machine at a lower price point, we found in testing the Breville Smart Oven Air Fryer Pro is worth the extra money and space it occupies. Plus, their price tag is comparable to some budget-friendly air fryers, but the performance just isn't there. We've tried multiple models and don't feel they work nearly as well as a standalone air fryer or air fryer toaster oven. Air Fryer Lids: These air fryer lids are designed to fit over your pressure cooker to turn the cavity into an air fryer using heated coils and a fan.These air fryers tend to have larger capacities that can fit cake pans, quarter sheet trays, brownie pans and even casserole dishes, making them super versatile and useful for holiday cooking, if you need more oven space. Many of these models act as countertop ovens that can air fry, bake, roast, toast, reheat, dehydrate, broil, make frozen pizza, proof and more. Air Fryer Toaster Ovens: Air fryer toaster ovens have been on the market for years and have come a long way since their humble beginnings.Keep in mind, these models take up quite a bit of space on a countertop, so you'll need to have room for it. Dual basket air fryers give you the option of air frying two different foods at once (at different times and temperatures), which makes them great for making whole meals or cooking in extra-large batches. ![]() Dual Basket Style: These models were introduced to the market in 2021 and have quickly gained popularity. ![]() A 6-quart model with an angular shape can easily fit a pound of chicken, making it great for families and larger households. Today, you'll find most basket-style air fryers are more angular, which allows for more cooking space. However, the round style didn't allow for a very big basket capacity, so many of these air fryers could only fit, say, one chicken breast at a time. At first, many basket-style air fryers were rounded and looked like an egg or tiny spaceship.
![]() Leawo iOS Data Recovery may not be as popular as some of the other applications listed in this article, but that’s not a good reason to ignore it. Recovery speed: Slow | Developer: Leawo | iOS version support: iOS 8 and older | Requirements: Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite and older ℹ️ Best for: Leawo iOS Data Recovery is a solid option if you need to recover data from an older iPhone using a Mac computer that’s still running Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite or older. Unlike many other paid iOS data recovery tools, the Pro Edition of EaseUS MobiSaver comes with free lifetime upgrades to the latest version, so you really need to pay only once to address all data loss issues. The Free Edition of EaseUS MobiSaver can restore only one photo or video, and unlocking unlimited recovery requires an upgrade to the Pro Edition, which adds the ability to recover text messages, Kik messages, and WhatsApp chat history. ![]() EaseUS MobiSaver isn’t an exception in this regard, allowing users to recover an unlimited amount of iOS data in all situations. Recovery speed: Average | Developer: EaseUS | iOS version support: iOS 13 and older | Requirements: macOS 10.15 Catalina and olderĮaseUS has been in the data recovery business for years, and the company has earned a great reputation for releasing software that lives up to its promises. ℹ️ Best for: EaseUS MobiSaver is best for iPhone owners who want to avoid paying a recurring subscription fee because the Pro Edition comes with free lifetime upgrades. While you may see that as a bad thing, we know that there are many users who appreciate software with an instantly familiar user interface.īesides its familiar user interface, iBeesoft iPhone Data Recovery also attracts with its ability to recover all most all file types iPhone users come in touch with, including camera roll content, contacts and call history, notes and reminders, voice memos, and more. IBeesoft iPhone Data Recovery shows that getting the basics right is sometimes more important than coming up with innovative features.įrom a distance, it’s easy to mistake iBeesoft iPhone Data Recovery for any of the other three-step iPhone recovery software. Recovery speed: Average | Developer: iBeesoft | iOS version support: iOS 14 and older | Requirements: macOS 10.14 (Mojave) and older ℹ️ Best for: Looking for a familiar iOS data recovery solution that doesn’t attempt to reinvent the wheel for the sake of being unique? Then don’t hesitate to give iBeesoft iPhone Data Recovery a try. Unfortunately, the latest versions of iOS and macOS are not yet supported, so you may run into some issues there. With iSkysoft iPhone Data Recovery, you can recover over 20 different file types from all iPhones starting from iPhone 4, all models of iPad Pro, iPad Air, iPad mini, and iPad, as well as iPod touch 5, iPod touch 4. Its just that the company behind it hasn’t finished its rebranding.īut do you know what’s more important than what the tool is called? Its performance. The two names refer to the exact same iPhone recovery tool. Recovery speed: Fast | Developer: iSkysoft | iOS version support: iOS 12 and former | Requirements: macOS 10.14 (Mojave) and former.ĭon’t let the official website of iSkysoft iPhone Data Recovery confuse you by calling the software dr.fone – Data Recovery (iOS). ℹ️ Best for: iSkysoft iPhone Data Recovery stands out with its ability to recover 20+ file types (contacts, messages, WhatsApp, photos, etc.), making it great for extensive data recovery jobs that involve multiple different file types. Here’s a list of the 11 best iPhone data recovery software apps we’ll be taking a closer look at today:īest iPhone Data Recovery Software: Summary of Our Picks While we can’t help you avoid making common user errors, such as tapping the wrong button, we can teach you how to perform iOS data recovery using the best free iPhone data recovery software for Mac. Performing all these tasks using just one device creates a lot of room for error and data loss. Recover Selected Files to a Safe Destinationĭoes the iPhone play an important role in your life? We’re willing to bet that it does, which probably means you use it to take pictures, record videos, edit documents, listen to music, send emails, and communicate with your friends and family using various instant messaging apps. How to Recover Data from iPhone on a Mac.How to Choose iPhone Data Recovery Software for Mac?.Top 11 iPhone Data Recovery Software Applications for Mac.Best iPhone Data Recovery Software Summary of Our Picks. ![]() This is because their longer focal lengths are well suited to close-up imaging of the Moon, and compared to a high-quality refractor telescope you get a much larger aperture for your money.įor advice on which telescope to use, read our guide to the best telescopes for astrophotography. You can use any telescope you like, although large aperture Schmidt-Cassegrains and Maksutov-Cassegrains are popular choices with top lunar photographers. These cameras are capable of taking short videos and shoot many frames per second. Telescopes like these are popular with advanced lunar astrophotographers. The Celestron Advanced VX 700 Maksutov-Cassegrain telescope. It mounts on your DSLR and screws into the T-adapter, which then attaches to your telescope.Īlthough the newest models of DSLRs can shoot video, they’re not ideal for high-resolution lunar imaging, and this is where high frame rate planetary cameras come in. That DSLRs have detachable lenses means that they can be connected directly to a telescope, essentially turning the telescope into the camera lens. Equipment: SPC900, Celestron Nexstar 127 SLT. Moon Panorama by Ben Murray, Preston, UK. ![]() For more on this, read our guide to photographing craters on the Moon below. To increase the size of the Moon’s disc in your images and reveal more detail on its surface, you’ll need a longer focal length lens.Ī lens with a focal length of 300mm or more will show the lunar maria as well as some of the more prominent craters and mountains. Equipment for photographing the Moon: a telescope and mount, a compact camera, a high frame rate camera, a laptop and a digiscoping bracket for afocal photographyīear in mind that the Moon will appear small in such an image taken with an APS-C camera’s standard 18-55mm lens. Or they can be turned directly to the night sky to capture nightscapes. ![]() They can be used to take afocal shots, just like smartphone and point-and-shoot cameras. This technique is known as ‘afocal photography’ and if you already have a camera and telescope, you don’t need anything else to get started.Ī DSLR provides you with several options. Just hold your camera up to the telescope’s eyepiece and start snapping away. Equipment for photographing the MoonĪnyone with a telescope and either a smartphone or a compact camera can take a decent image of the Moon. The Moon captured on, by Chris Campbell from Cheshire, UK using a Microsoft HD3000 Webcam and Sky-Watcher 130/900 telescope. And for weekly lunar phases delivered directly to your email inbox, sign up to the BBC Sky at Night Magazine e-newsletter. If you’re stuck for ideas, we'll also look at 6 classic sights on the Moon that everyone should have a go at photographing.Īnd if you're already a seasoned lunar astrophotographer, have a go at capturing images of the Moon for science.įor more info, read our guide to the phases of the Moon. ![]() We'll also look at how to create a Moon mosaic, how to photograph craters on the Moon and how to photograph a crescent Moon. Even a smartphone camera can be used to capture beautiful images of the Moon. With its shifting phase and the wobbles of libration bringing myriad new features into view each night, the Moon is a wonderful target for photographers of all abilities.Īs the largest object in the night sky seen from Earth, the Moon an obvious place to start when you’re learning to take photos of the night sky.įind out how to photograph the Moon with a smartphone camera. We'll reveal the astrophotography equipment you need and techniques to help you to photograph the Moon with a DSLR camera or a smartphone. In this guide we'll show you how to photograph the Moon. Pittsburgh is home of the United States Steel Corp.If “The” is not included in the formal company name, keep it lowercase unless it is the first word in the sentence. ![]() or LLC, do not include a comma before it, even if it is included in the formal name elsewhere.īe sure to include “The” if it is part of the formal company name. Have you ever wondered if there is a comma before LLC in AP style? Or if there is a comma after “inc” in a sentence? Well, if the company name is followed by Inc., Ltd. if you’re writing an earnings report or a story that could influence the company’s stock price. It’s appropriate to refer to the company as Costco, but you’ll want to use Costco Wholesale Corp. The full name is not required if the company name is irrelevant to the story, and you don’t have to use the formal name on first reference.Ĭonsider Costco Wholesale Corp. Doing so also helps search engines find your content. Use the company’s full name somewhere in the article, especially if the article’s subject matter could affect the company’s business. Rules for Writing Company Names in AP Styleīelow you’ll find a list of things to consider when writing company names: Include the Company’s Full Name For instance, is “inc” capitalized? Is there a comma before “LLC”? While it often may seem that AP Stylebook guidelines can be difficult to learn, AP style company names are quite simple if you keep a few things in mind. ![]() It is imperative that when you write any piece – particularly if it is for a specific company – that you get these names right. If you are like me and tend to do a lot of blog or SEO content writing throughout the week, you probably mention a well-known company or two in your content. ![]() Most people would agree that temporal processing procedures are important in evaluating the auditory system. I believe conducting tests of temporal processing is one of the most important procedures we should do. Temporal processing tests are listed in the blue circle in the upper left. The ones on the left side are the procedures that I think give you the most information from a practical standpoint and also from a research standpoint. It is also the latter that will be focused on today.įigure 1 shows the categories in which we'll find most of the central auditory tests that are available today.įigure 1. ![]() There is both a peripheral and a central influence to temporal processing, more the latter as tasks get more complex. Temporal processing plays an even bigger role in more sophisticated listening tasks. Temporal processing is important to everything we do as audiologists in terms of measuring hearing and responses to various kinds of acoustic stimuli. Most sounds, of course, are acoustic events. Temporal processing refers to the perception of time alteration or influence on an audible acoustic event(s).
![]() Put another way, the "jaws" (the wider section of the symbol) always direct to the larger number.For the =,, = operators, if any of the operands is not a number ( Double.NaN or Single.NaN), the result of operation is false. In an inequality, the less-than sign and greater-than sign always "point" to the smaller number. Unicode provides various Less Than Symbol: Symbol The less-than-or-equal-to sign, â¤, may be included with â¤. The less-than sign may be included with <. In HTML (and SGML and XML), the less-than sign is used at the beginning of tags. Less-than sign is used in the spaceship operator. In the R programming language, the less-than sign is used in conjunction with a hyphen-minus to create an arrow ( <-), this can be used as the left assignment operator. In Bourne shell and Windows PowerShell, the operator -le means "less than or equal to". and <= both mean "less than or equal to". In Prolog, =< means "less than or equal to" (as distinct from the arrow <=). In Sinclair BASIC it is encoded as a single-byte code point token. In BASIC, Lisp-family languages, and C-family languages (including Java and C++), operator <= means "less than or equal to". ASCII does not have a less-than-or-equal-to sign, but Unicode defines it at code point U+2264. The less-than sign with the equals sign, <=, may be used for an approximation of the less-than-or-equal-to sign, â¤. In Bash, <<<< Many of Limbaugh’s listeners eventually became Trump supporters and the radio legend continued to defend Trump throughout his presidency despite occasional disagreements. Limbaugh helped boost Trump’s influence prior to the 2016 election simply by taking him seriously as a candidate when other established conservatives didn’t want the former reality television star anywhere near the Republican Party. And yet, here I am, and today, got some problems, but I'm feeling pretty good today." "I wasn't expected to make it to October, and then to November, and then to December. "I wasn't expected to be alive today," he said. In his final radio broadcast of 2020, Limbaugh thanked his listeners and supporters, revealing at the time that he had outlived his prognosis. Up to 27 million people tuned in on a weekly basis and Limbaugh has lovingly referred to his passionate fan base as "Dittoheads," as they would often say "ditto" when agreeing with the iconic radio host. The program that began 33 years ago on national syndication with only 56 radio stations grew to be the most listened-to radio show in the United States, airing on more than 600 stations, according to the show’s website. Perched behind his Golden EIB (Excellence in Broadcasting) Microphone, Limbaugh spent over three decades as arguably both the most beloved and polarizing person in American media. Limbaugh is considered one of the most influential media figures in American history and has played a consequential role in conservative politics since "The Rush Limbaugh Show" began in 1988. "Rush Limbaugh: Thank you for your decades of tireless devotion to our country," President Trump said during the address. First lady Melania Trump then presented America’s highest civilian honor to Limbaugh in an emotional moment on the heels of his devastating cancer diagnosis. The radio icon learned he had Stage IV lung cancer in January 2020 and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Trump at the State of the Union address days later. Limbaugh's wife, Kathryn, made the announcement on his radio show. ![]() Rush Limbaugh, the monumentally influential media icon who transformed talk radio and politics in his decades behind the microphone, helping shape the modern-day Republican Party, died Wednesday at the age of 70 after a battle with lung cancer, his family announced. ![]() Ownership & HistoryĬrunch ‘n Munch is owned by ConAgra Foods who acquired the brand from International Home Foods in 2000. While Crunch ‘n Munch lacks a prize inside its packaging, you aren’t getting anything special as a surprise in Cracker Jack. ![]() ![]() We got a sticker of the Cracker Jack sailor looking a bit creepy (see above) along with instructions on how to unlock games on the Cracker Jack website. However, it’s nothing to get excited about. Vote for your favorite at the end of this article! AppearanceĬracker Jack comes with a surprise inside the package. The other adult picked Crunch ‘n Munch as the best. Overall, one adult and the child picked Cracker Jack over Crunch ‘n Munch as their favorite. One of the adults loved the subtle flavor of the molasses, which is a signature ingredient of this popcorn. While it had less caramel coating than Crunch ‘n Munch, the group agreed that it had a more authentic caramel taste than the Crunch ‘n Munch. It was believed to have a buttery and nuttier taste compared to Cracker Jack.Ĭracker Jack – The testers liked the fluffier and easier to bite into the texture of Cracker Jack. It was said to be sugary without a noticeable caramel taste. Here is what they thought:Ĭrunch ‘n Munch – One of the adults described Crunch ‘n Munch as having a taste similar to the cereal Honey Smacks. We had two adults and a nine-year-old taste test these two caramel popcorn brands. Poll: Crunch 'n Munch vs Cracker Jack Taste Test. |
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